If "humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilisation developed"....

James Hansen in the Guardian, using real historical data, not computer models:

In a startling reappraisal of the threat, James Hansen, head of the Nasa Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, calls for a sharp reduction in C02 limits.

Hansen says the EU target of 550 parts per million of C02 - the most stringent in the world - should be slashed to 350ppm. He argues the cut is needed if “humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilisation developed”. A final version of the paper Hansen co-authored with eight other climate scientists, is posted today on the Archive website. Instead of using theoretical models to estimate the sensitivity of the climate, his team turned to evidence from the Earth’s history, which they say gives a much more accurate picture.

The team studied core samples taken from the bottom of the ocean, which allow C02 levels to be tracked millions of years ago. They show that when the world began to glaciate at the start of the Ice age about 35m years ago, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere stood at about 450ppm.

“If you leave us at 450ppm for long enough it will probably melt all the ice - that’s a sea rise of 75 metres. What we have found is that the target we have all been aiming for is a disaster - a guaranteed disaster,” Hansen told the Guardian.

The fundamental reason for his reassessment was what he calls “slow feedback” mechanisms which are only now becoming fully understood. They amplify the rise in temperature caused by increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases. Ice and snow reflect sunlight but when they melt, they leave exposed ground which absorbs more heat.

As ice sheets recede, the warming effect is compounded. Satellite technology available over the past three years has shown that the ice sheets are melting much faster than expected, with Greenland and west Antarctica both losing mass.

Hansen said that he now regards as “implausible” the view of many climate scientists that the shrinking of the ice sheets would take thousands of years. “If we follow business as usual I can’t see how west Antarctica could survive a century. We are talking about a sea-level rise of at least a couple of metres this century.”

But wait! There’s good news!

The good news, he said, is that reserves of fossil fuels have been exaggerated, so an alternative source of energy will have to be rapidly put in place in any case. Other measure could include a moratorium on coal power stations which would bring the C02 levels to below 400ppm.

Now I feel better!

Ah yes. Let’s go nuclear. Though give Obama credit, I think he’s moved away from his home-state boondoggle of coal liquifaction. Time for a table comparing candidate policies…

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Energy is a big problem

There isn’t going to be a single solution, we’re going to need many of them.

There’s a great book about overstated oil reserves in the mideast called “Twilight in the Desert” by Matt Simmons. Simmons is in no way a DFH, he’s a Texas Bush-voting energy investment banker.

Saudi Aramco does not reveal detailed production information (most western oil companies do) and so they are able to conceal their reserves. Why? One reason is that OPEC production quotas are based on reserves - the more reserves an OPEC producer has, the more they can sell.

Simmons went over the papers that the petro engineers and geologists from Saudi Aramco presented at conferences and concluded that the Saudi reservoirs are in decline. They are old, producing less, and what they are producing is much more costly (high water cut, high sulfides, complex well completion technology, short well lifetime). Ghawar is dying.

So, yeah, we need to replace petroleum, sooner not later. And while nuclear fission power sucks in terms of risk and waste disposal, it is a mature power technology that is ready to go now, and it’s a lot less horrible than coal. Also, we have all these nuclear triggers (fission bombs for igniting fusion bombs) that need to be safely decomissioned and power reactors can do that.

We’re gonna need everything: efficiency, solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, wind, low-impact biofuels, bottom cycle thermal recovery, ocean thermal, better storage (ammonia, etc), a better powergrid and as little coal as possible.

Let’s get to work.

"guaranteed disaster"

yup, that’s about how i see it. and here’s the cold, hard truth: many “developing” nations just getting going with that whole petro-based expanding economy thing aren’t going to stop producing lots and lots of pollution and consuming lots of oil, quickly. if anyone thinks the chinese gov’t, for example, is going to “go green” anytime soon, you’re kidding yourself.

so i just plan for rising sea levels and temps over the course of the rest of my life. faster than most are saying it will happen. b/c if i have learned one thing about environmental news over the last 20 years, it’s that the “official’ and “mainstream” estimates are almost always revised later or proven to be off, and almost never in the ’good’ direction.

You Want a Chart?

Here’s a chart - http://www.grist.org/candidate_chart_08….. Now that Obama has ended his coal industry suck up, not much difference between him and Clinton that I can see. I would like to know what on earth he was thinking when he voted for Cheney’s 2005 energy bill.

Also from Grist, here’s a bit more detail than the chart on each candidates’ position - http://www.grist.org/feature/2007/07/06/…

Flashback to highlights from Grist’s environmental forum in which Edwards, Clinton, and Kucinich participated - http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/11…

And, yes, cd, every time I see some new revision on the environment and global warming it is always worse than originally thought. Ack!

Regarding China...

I guarantee you they will not change a damn thing unless we do. So if you want to make sure that the climate is as big a disaster as possible, then complain about China and do nothing here in the west.

If we get off our asses and make the energy conversion we need to, they will follow. And they’ll pay us to do it.

no, China won't--

we already let them make all our goods and don’t care how toxic or shoddy, etc—we make that clear with every cargo ship that arrives, and with every wire transfer of big bucks back to them.

we already owe them billions and billions, growing daily—and we can’t afford to antagonize them.

we already are dependent on their cheap labor keeping our goods affordable

our corporations won’t allow it at all

they already have their own deals for oil and gas, and we keep pouring money into their coffers so they can afford to pollute til it’s all gone.

our govt and our corps will never force China to be energy-efficient or non-polluting—it’s not in our interests ($$).

and our trade laws and deals with them are all in their favor, really.

60 minutes had an interesting interview--

last sunday—a Chinese govt-run investment fund guy—pouring billions into our banking system and buying majority shares in wall st too.—

http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/04/0…

Needless to say, I disagree

Things that can’t go on forever don’t.

1. There is less oil than you think. And there’s a thermodynamic wall coming up where it will cost more than one barrel of oil to recover one barrel of oil.

2. It won’t always be cheaper to dig up more coal and burn it. That time will come sooner if we get to work now.

3. China will find its markets drying up if it does not reduce carbon footprint. Tariffs on noncompliant countries’ goods will be a condition in the west of passing carbon legislation. Everyone knows this, even they do.

I read Twilight In the Desert, it's fantastic

Just to sharpen Cenobite’s post on methodology a little:

At some point, and between themselves, the technical people can’t lie to themselves—unlike the suits, the marketing people, and the Village. The technical people have professional associations and conferences where they exchange information on problems and solutions, just as professionals do (or should do) everywhere.

And when Simmons perused the papers, he found that the technical problems they were studying all had to do with dying oil fields. Like one problem is that when you pump oil out of a field, the pressure decreases, so yield decreases, and the solution is to pump water into the field to increase the pressure again. Or the vertical wells don’t work anymore, so you start drilling into the fields horizontallty.

So, of course, as Kissinger says, IRaq really was all about the oil. Making it all the more galling to Our Betters, I am sure, that those pesky Iraqis haven’t managed to sign a hydrocarbon law handing their oil reserves over to the multinatinals.

And somebody should ask our Presidential candidates if they’ll release the records of Cheney’s energy task force, complete and uncensored. Hint: The correct answer is yes.

[x] Any (D) in the general. [ ] Any mullah-sucking billionaire-teabagging torture-loving pus-encrusted spawn of Cthulhu, bless his (R) heart.

corps here and our govt will not

allow anything that will reduce their profits—they won’t do carbon tariffs or anything that will actually raise production costs.

they won’t allow actual strict labor protections here or there either, no matter how much candidates promise—it’ll all be “advisory” and “non-binding guidelines” etc.

and they don’t care about future generations—they don’t even inspect the medicines or kid’s toys china makes, for god’s sake. (and at the same time, we’re not allowed to buy from Canada bec they say they can’t guarantee safety)

there’s like 200 years of coal, and by that time solar and wind will be everywhere too.

we’re too tightly interdependent with and on them to force things that will hurt both their rise and our continuation—and by the time stuff does run out, they’ll have become more powerful than us and will ignore anything (like we do now).

This is the Chinese Century—ours is over. We’re helping make it China’s.

Again, yes they will

You see, they will profit from carbon legislation. They want it. They see the EU carbon market making money for corps and they want some of it. Just wait.

by moving our factories away, we

actually have helped our own environment (remember acid rain and love canal/superfund sites, for instance?) — at the cost of millions of jobs and the middle-class.

our govt won’t do it, so the market will instead—soon gas will really be too expensive for everyone to drive everywhere—then things will start to change (i thought it’d be 5/gal, but i guess it has to be 10 or even higher).

And food’s only going up from now on—and water is a giant problem too.

i hope so, but we're far more selfish than the eu--and

our govt is far more pro-business/pro-rich.

also, they'd profit from univ.healthcare too, but won't

push for it—it’s easier to just cut/eliminate benefits instead.

if there’s an easier way out, companies will take it, no matter if it hurts ppl or not.

and from better rail, and from non-trucking, and from

tons of things—but they’re not pushing for better freight trains/rails to replace the trucking of goods all over the country.

tons of things would give them more profits and lower costs—that doesn’t mean they’ll make it happen if what works now and the next 15-25 years can still work.

ADM/Cargill--lobbying for child & slave labor overseas--

this is what they prefer to work for—

http://xnerg.blogspot.com/2008/04/you-wo…