Solanaceae
Bell or sweet peppers
Save the seeds!! Next time you're cleaning a red or orange pepper, set aside the seeds. You can grow new pepper plants from them, even if you don't have a garden. (Green pepper seeds aren't mature enough, so wait until the pepper turns red to try this.) First step -- spread the seeds out on a plastic, glass or ceramic plate and put them in a spot where they can dry for a few days. When they've dried to the point where they're no longer bendable, they're ready for planting.
Start the seeds in anything that will hold some potting soil and water -- plastic drinking cups, a hard plastic container that fruit, vegetables or salad are sold in at some supermarkets, empty yogurt containers, even the bottom 1/3 or so of a big soda or water bottle. Ideally, whatever you use should be soft enough so that you can poke a few drainage holes in the bottom.
Add a layer of small pebbles or gravel to the very bottom, then put in the potting soil. Dampen the soil so it's moist, but not soggy, cover it with a piece of waxed paper or a paper towel, then let it sit overnight so the soil can absorb the moisture.
The next day, sprinkle some of the dried seeds on the soil. Try to distribute them evenly and leave a little space between them, so they have room to grow. Cover the seeds with a very thin layer (about 1/4") of potting soil, spritz a little water on top and place the container(s) in a sunny window. Peppers like warmth, so covering the container lightly with waxed paper or plastic wrap helps retain heat. (My experience has been that a tight cover encourages mold to grow on the damp soil, but that may be a regional thing.) Check the soil every day to make sure it's moist, but not wet. You may want to put the container on a liner of some kind -- like an old plate or saucer -- so the moisture doesn't leak through the drainage holes onto the window sill or table top.
Seedlings should start appearing in about a week. If not, be patient. Sometimes it takes a little longer, especially if the weather isn't warm. When the seedlings have developed a couple of leaves, transplant them to larger pots and put them in a spot where they'll get sun, like a window or on the patio. In a garden, pepper plants are usually spaced about 18" apart, so one seedling per small (8") pot is good. If you have larger pots, two or three seedlings could share the space, but don't try to crowd too many together.
The first sign that peppers are coming will be small white flowers on the plants. Peppers self pollinate, so they can be grown indoors, without bees, etc. This article has lots more details on pepper growing.
If you're interested in something more exotic than conventional peppers, there's plenty available -- check here, here and here!
If starting plants from seed is a little too much work right now, you can also buy pepper seedlings at garden stores and keep them as houseplants. They're very pretty (the leaves in the image above are from a pepper plant) and you'll always have peppers handy!
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